Syntheses and crystal structures of three salts of sparfloxacin, one incorporating extended tapes of fused pentagonal water assemblies

Abstract

Three organic salts of sparfloxacin, a difluorinated third-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic, have been synthesized and their crystal structures determined. The salts, sparfloxacinium 4-nitrobenzoate dihydrate, C19H23F2N4O3 +·C7H4NO4 −·2H2O (I), sparfloxacinium 2-phenylacetate, C19H23F2N4O3 +·C8H7O2 − (II), and sparfloxacinium 4-methylbenzoate trihydrate, C19H23F2N4O3 +·C8H7O2 −·3H2O (III), exhibit similar inter-species packing interactions. The overall crystal structures each, however, have their own distinct characteristics, which are described here along with a Hirshfeld surface analysis of the various atom–atom contacts involving the sparfloxacinium cations. In the crystal structure of III, an extended supramolecular tape of edge-fused hydrogen-bonded water pentagons was found. These pentagonal water and tape motifs are compared to related constructs in a broad selection of structure types, ranging from macromolecules to small molecules, clathrates, and exotic `ice' formations on clean metal surfaces.