Abstract
Pioneer psammophytic vegetation is usually developed on wind-drift sandy substrates such as arenas, spits, beaches, river terraces, and this vegetation occupies significant areas in all three natural zones of Ukraine. The Koelerio-Corynephoretea canescentis class was represented by 13 associations, 3 alliances and 1 order; Festucetea vaginatae class by 22 associations, 2 alliances and 1 order; Helichryso-Crucianelletea maritimae by 10 associations, 4 alliances and 1 order. The results of cluster analysis and synoptic tables of the classes are presented. 9 alliances are briefly described. Leading factors of territorial and ecological differentiation are identified. It was found that the territorial distribution of plant communities is influenced by the character of ecotope mesorelief, soil composition and humus horizon thickness, as well as the degree of eolian processes development. The main factors of their ecological differentiation are soil acidity, salt regime and ombroregime. Based on the results of DCA-ordination of syntaxa within certain vegetation classes, it was found that their distribution is influenced by factors that correlate with the environment-specific conditions. It has emerged that an ecological differentiation of syntaxa within Festucetea vaginatae is determined by the integrated effect of gradients, and soil salinity is leading among them. Temperature regime and climate continentality are leading factors in the distribution of syntaxa within the Koelerio-Corynephoretea canescentis class. The gradients of ombroregime and soil humidity have a significant impact. The distribution of communities of the Helichryso-Crucianelletea maritimae class in the ecological space is determined mainly by factors of variability of damping, ombroregime and climate continentality. The author’s syntaxonomic concept assumes the independence of the studied classes: Koelerio-Corynephoretea canescentis, Helichryso-Crucianelletea maritimae and Festucetea vaginatae, considering that the leading factors of community differentiation of the Festucetea vaginatae and Koelerio-Corynephoretea canescentis classes are the origin (genesis) of sandy substrates, as well as soil acidity. Phytosociological analysis of a large number of relevés of coastal littoral vegetation also provides support for independence of the Helichryso-Crucianelletea maritimae and Ammophiletea classes different floristically and ecologically. A review of the psammophytic vegetation of Ukraine will determine the place of the selected syntaxonomic units in the pan-European system.
Highlights
Pioneer psammophytic vegetation developed on wind-drift sandy substrates such as arenas, spits, beaches, terraces, etc., performs extremely important functions: biological, ecological, regulatory, recreational, and many others
Based on the results of DCA-ordination of syntaxa within certain vegetation classes, it was found that their distribution is influenced by factors that correlate with the environment-specific conditions
It should be noted that a significant number of sample sites within the studied classes were identified by us as agglomerative groups representing the initial stages of sand overgrowth, or as rankless communities, which were not included by the authors at this stage in the classification scheme
Summary
Pioneer psammophytic vegetation developed on wind-drift sandy substrates such as arenas, spits, beaches, terraces, etc., performs extremely important functions: biological, ecological, regulatory, recreational, and many others. It stabilizes loose scattered soils, creates preconditions for the development of vegetation in subsequent successional stages. The geocomplexes on which such vegetation occurs are sites of biological diversity formation and conservation. They are habitats for many plant and animal species, ways for dispersing their genetic material, and serve as migration routes by which alien species spread actively. An overview of syntaxonomic units of the highest and middle levels in Europe is presented in generalized works: "Vegetation of Europe..." (Mucina et al, 2016), for the class Koelerio-
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