Abstract
The impact of certain separate characteristics, including the porosity parameter, reaction rate parameter, and viscoelastic parameters of steady convective diffusion across a rectangular channel, has been investigated in this article. The model’s momentum and concentration equations were developed using the similarities technique, and the numerically finite volume method was combined with the Beavers and Joseph slip conditions. Various graphs have been used to get insight into various parameters of the problem on velocity and concentration. The cartilage surfaces are assumed to be porous, and the viscosity of synovial fluid varies with hyaluronate (HA) content.
Highlights
The synovial joints are crucial in both human and animal movement
The model’s momentum and concentration equations were developed using the similarities technique, and the numerically finite volume method was combined with the Beavers and Joseph slip conditions
Articular cartilage is a porous gel of proteoglycan aggregates embedded in a water-swollen network of collagen fibrils [1]
Summary
The synovial joints are crucial in both human and animal movement. The vessels that transport nutrients are present in immature articular cartilage [2] [3]. The extracellular fluid transports nutrients from the synovial fluid via diffusion and convection [4]. Hyaluronic acid [HA], glycoprotein, and other macromolecular components move from synovial fluid to cartilage in synovial joints [5] [6]. Endothelium in arteries and cartilage in synovial joints are porous cell layers that can or cannot deform [7]. Synovial fluid is essential for joint lubrication, nutrient delivery, and metabolite removal from avascular articular cartilage [7] [8]. Imbibition, and exudation increase the concentration of hyaluronic acid molecules in synovial fluid [7] [8]. According to Wegamir’s findings, an increase in hyaluronic acid concentration causes an increase in synovial fluid viscosity
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