Abstract
In this work is given a taxonomic synopsis of the Urtica species (Urticaceae) occurring in Brazil. Urtica is the largest genus of Urticeae tribe and occurs frequently in humid places, at interior or forest margin, but mainly near human habitations and pastures. Brazil has a wide geographical distribution, founded mainly in Atlantic Forest biome. About its characters, Urtica species have herbaceous habit, presence of glandular stinging trichomes and opposite leaves. For this work, around 800 herbarium materials were analyzed, including types and prototypes, as well as observation of wild populations in the field. Herbarium labels, literature and cultivated specimens were the main information source for distribution, ecology and taxonomic notes. Four species of Urtica were recognized for Brazil: Urtica circularis (Hicken) Soraru, U. dioica Linnaeus, U. spathulata Smith, U. urens Linnaeus, for which descriptions, identification key, comments about taxonomy, ecological observations and geographical distribution are presented.
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