Synonymous codon usage pattern among the S, M, and L segments in Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus.

Mallikarjun S Beelagi

doi:10.6026/97320630017479

Mallikarjun S Beelagi

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.6026/97320630017479

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Abstract

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus is one among the major zoonosis viral diseases that use the Hyalomma ticks as their transmission vector to cause viral infection to the human and mammalian community. The fatality of infectious is high across the world especially in Africa, Asia, Middle East, and Europe. This study regarding codon usage bias of S, M, and L segments of the CCHF virus pertaining to the host Homo sapiens, reveals in-depth information about the evolutionary characteristics of CCHFV. Relative Synonymous Codon Usage (RSCU), Effective number of codons (ENC) were calculated, to determine the codon usage pattern in each segment. Correlation analysis between Codon adaptation index (CAI), GRAVY (Hydrophobicity), AROMO (Aromaticity), and nucleotide composition revealed bias in the codon usage pattern. There was no strong codon bias found among any segments of the CCHF virus, indicating both the factors i.e., natural selection and mutational pressure shapes the codon usage bias.

Highlights

The tick-born Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus is the most widespread zoonosis disease-affecting human
The antigenic resemblances between the Congo virus and a Crimean hemorrhagic fever made them rename it as Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever [2]
This study identified that all segments of CCHF possess a higher tendency of Codon adaptation index (CAI) values (> 0.5)

Summary

Introduction

The tick-born Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus is the most widespread zoonosis disease-affecting human. The life cycle of the ticks has the potentiality to get infected at any stage of life, in various mammalian species, infectious disease remains asymptomatic even after the augment of the virus. An increase in the expansion of Hyalomma ticks around the different geographic, cycle of tick-vertebrate-tick infection has been called the most widespread tick-borne virus on the earth. The first-ever eruption of disease as a Crimean hemorrhagic fever was reported during 1944-1945 in Crimea region. CrimeanCongo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) causes Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, a tick-borne disease that causes haemorrhage and is found severely infecting the continents such as Africa, Asia, and Europe. The CCHF virus is a single-stranded negative sensed RNA that belongs to the Bunyaviridae family and a member of the genus Nairovirus. Hyperanemia, dizziness, fever, headache, myalgia, and photophobia are some of the clinical indications of the CCHF virus [3]

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