Abstract
Synodontis eupterus male represents only 5-10 % of farmer total synodontis production, which limits male availability for reproduction purpose. A method widely used in overcoming the low male production was masculinization through synthetic hormones, which was restricted due to its adverse impact on the environment. Natural ingredients from plant were demonstrated in various studies to substitute the 17α-methyltestosteron hormone on masculinization. This research aimed at evaluating the effects of Javanese long pepper extract (JLP) through immersion on synodontis fish larvae. The research was conducted using factorial design with two faktor (4x2) consisted of eight treatments: 17α-methyltestosteron 2 mg L-1 (MT) immersion for 5 and 10 hours, JLP dose 0.125 mg L-1 (P1) immersion for 5 and 10 hours and dose 0.25 mg L-1 (P2) immersion for 5 and 10 hours compared to the control treatment without immersion (P0). A hundred of synodontis larvae of 10 days old after hatching each replication were used in the immersion treatments. The results showed that JLP treatments produced 25-40 % of male synodontis age four months, 1-2 % females and above 60 % intersex. While at age five months, the percentage of intersex fish decreased to 20-40 %, the female fish increased to 60-62 %, and male fish ranged 20-35 % in JLP compared to the control P0 (15 %). The dose of JLP 0.25 mg L-1 increased mortality of about 14-54 %.
Highlights
Synodontis eupterus is a freshwater ornamental fish of which the origin is the Niger river, Africa (Alderton 2008)
S. eupterus larvae Survival rate (SR) a week after immersion in the 0.25 mg L-1 Javanese long pepper extract (JLP) treatment was lower compared to other treatments with immersion duration of 5 and 10 hours (Table 1)
Thereby, S. eupterus fish Survival rate (SR) after a period of 4 months showed that the 5 and 10 hours immersion treatments at a JLP dose of 0.25 mg L-1 were the lowest i.e. 46.33 % and 86,33 % (p
Summary
Synodontis eupterus is a freshwater ornamental fish of which the origin is the Niger river, Africa (Alderton 2008). Natural hormones that are derived from animals were proven to be used for masculinization such as cow testes meal extract, which resulted in producing 85.6 % male tilapia through immersion method at a dose of 5 ml L-1 (Iskandar, 2010). 2017, Synodontis eupterus Larvae Masculinization at a dose of 20 mg L-1 in black tilapia (at the age 4 days post-hatched) was observed to increase the male ratio up to 73.3 % (Putra 2011). Supplementation of long Jawa chili extract in Siamese juvenile catfish (26±1.6 g) and potential broodstock (250±18.6 g) through feed at 37.5 mg and 187.5 mg kg fish-1 day-1 during 8 months resulted in increasing gonad maturity index and testosterone level in blood (Elisdiana 2015). This research aimed at evaluating the effects of Javanese long pepper extract (JLP) through immersion on synodontis fish masculinization
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