Abstract
Background: SYNGAP1, which encodes a RAS-GTPase-activating protein, is located on the short arm of chromosome 6.Mutations of the SYNGAP1 gene were first identified in 2009 in patients with nonsyndromic intellectual disability (ID) acquired microcephaly, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), followed in 2013 by recognition of their important role in the developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). Developmental delay was identified soon after birth in the majority of patients and pre-ceded seizure onset in all. Development regressed or plateaued with seizure onset were observed. Language was severely impaired together with intellectual disabilities and some other features (1, 4).Most affected individuals have de novo mutations, with truncating mutations predominating, although missense mutations, chromosomal translocations, or microdeletions disrupting SYNGAP1 are also described. (1,5).
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