Abstract

Environmental remediation and energy production are major concerns of the globe for sustainable development. Solar-driven photo nanocatalysts have shown great potential to be a suitable contender to solve these issues, however, their catalytic efficiency is the major concern which depends on the e−/h+ pair separation. The present study developed TbFe0.95Zr0.05O3/g-C3N4 heterostructure employing facile hydrothermal methods to promote e−/h+ pair separation. Though, TbFe0.95Zr0.05O3/g-C3N4 achieved the highest photo-degradation of 95.96 % for Norfloxacin (NOR) in 90 min, and 4864 μmol h−1g−1 of H2 evolution in 4 h under simulated visible-light, with 3.3, 2.8 and 2.1 times higher efficiency than pristine and doped catalysts (TbFeO3, g-C3N4 and TbFe0.95Zr0.05O3). The creation of oxygen vacancies (OVs) by Zr4+ doping at Fe3+ sites through charge compensation may increase catalytic efficiency, confirmed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and optical properties through Raman, and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The catalyst works well throughout four cycles (85.19 % for NOR in the 4th cycle), demonstrating its chemical stability and cyclic potential. Thus, heterojunction and OVs synergistically enhance catalytic efficiency with higher activation in the visible solar spectrum and long e−/h+ charge separation lifetime.

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