Synergy in Rice Immunity: Exploring Strategies of Coordinated Disease Defense through Receptor-Like Kinases and Receptor- Like Cytoplasmic Kinases

Abstract

Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) play an indispensable role in the perception and transmission of extracellular signals in plants. In rice, these kinases actively participate in immune responses against a variety of pathogens, including fungi, bacteria, and viruses. However, the existing research on the specific response mechanisms and the spectrum of activities of different kinases against various pathogens remains insufficient. This article provides an in-depth and comprehensive overview of the types and functions of RLKs and RLCKs involved in disease resistance, emphasizing the central role of certain RLKs and RLCKs in the plant immune system. These kinases can recognize specific molecular patterns of pathogens and rapidly initiate an immune response in rice. Furthermore, the activity and functional regulation of these key kinases are tightly controlled by various post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination. This meticulous regulation ensures that the rice immune system's response is both precise and timely, effectively balancing the intensity of the immune response and preventing potential issues caused by either hyperactivity or insufficiency. By synthesizing current research findings, this article not only broadens our understanding of the role of RLKs and RLCKs in plant immunity but also provides new perspectives and strategies for future research on disease resistance breeding in rice. Future studies are expected to delve deeper into the signaling networks and regulatory mechanisms of these kinases, exploring their potential in agricultural production to develop rice varieties with enhanced disease resistance.