Abstract
The similarities, differences, and contradictions regarding climate change adaptation and resilience by academics and practitioners have already been documented. It is the need of time to set new precedence by observing the adaptations and resilience as tools to respond to the climate variations. This study analyzed the influence of climate change adaptations and synergy between resilience from livelihood vulnerability and adaptations. A field survey of 489 farming households is conducted with the help of a well-structured questionnaire from four districts of the south part of Punjab province of Pakistan. This study uses the Endogenous Switching Regression model for the sake of analysis. The outcomes of the study reveal that age, education, family size, total land, and seed price have significant linkage with the adoption of adaptations. The synergistic effects of adaptation and resilience are also visible here as the adaptations factors are significantly contributing towards yield, per capita income, poverty, and poverty gap of the respondents. This study suggests the provision of proper education and smart technology to help in enhancing the adaptive capacity of farmers. More imperatively, adaptations to climate variations can be concluded as a remedial tool for resilient livelihood. It is believed that the present study can be considered as a guide for future research on other regions of Pakistan and neighboring countries.
Highlights
Climate change (CC) is one of the swiftly spread phenomena across the globe since last century and livelihood of residents of the planet is at risk [1]
This table has four subpanels that describe the results of four different analyses by taking yield, per capita income, poverty status and poverty gap as dependent variables, while the same explanatory variables have been used for all four analyses, respectively
The present study analyzes the synergy between CC adaptation and resilience from livelihood vulnerability
Summary
Climate change (CC) is one of the swiftly spread phenomena across the globe since last century and livelihood of residents of the planet is at risk [1]. Where climate indicators play an imperative role at each stage from sowing to harvesting [8]. These variations are contributing to a reduction in the yield of almost all crops [9]. Climate change is a global problem the need for adaptation is higher among developing countries where vulnerability is presumably higher as the agricultural sector is the basic source of livelihood for marginal poor rural communities [12]. A study by [13] revealed a positive impact of CC on agriculture productivity on the European agriculture sector, in contrast to it, South Asian economies like India and Pakistan are more vulnerable to climate viabilities [14]
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