Synergistics of Carboxymethyl Chitosan and Mangosteen Extract as Enhancing Moisturizing, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Deodorizing Properties in Emulsion Cream.

Nareekan Chaiwong,Yuthana Phimolsiripol,Francisco J Barba,Pimporn Leelapornpisid,Noppol Leksawasdi,Kittisak Jantanasakulwong,Sarana Rose Sommano,Warintorn Ruksiriwanich,Pornchai Rachtanapun,Phisit Seesuriyachan,Mario J Simirgiotis,Winita Punyodom

doi:10.3390/polym14010178

Nareekan Chaiwong, Yuthana Phimolsiripol + Show 10 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14010178

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Abstract

Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCH) from native chitosan of high molecular weight (H, 310–375 kDa) was synthesized for improving water solubility. The water solubility of high-molecular-weight carboxymethyl chitosan (H-CMCH) was higher than that of native chitosan by 89%. The application of H-CMCH as enhancing the moisturizer in mangosteen extract deodorant cream was evaluated. Different concentrations of H-CMCH (0.5–2.5%) were investigated in physicochemical characteristics of creams, including appearance, phase separation, pH, and viscosity, by an accelerated stability test. The different degrees of skin moisturizing (DM) on pig skin after applying H-CMCH solution, compared with untreated skin, water, and propylene glycol for 15 and 30 min using a Corneometer®, were investigated. The results showed that the 0.5% H-CMCH provided the best DM after applying the solution on pig skin for 30 min. Trans-2-nonenal, as an unsatisfied odor component, was also evaluated against components of the mangosteen extract deodorant cream, which were compared to the standard, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). In addition, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and antibacterial activities were examined for the mangosteen extract deodorant cream using 0.5% H-CMCH. Results indicated that the mangosteen extract synergized with H-CMCH, which had a good potential as an effective skin moisturizing agent enhancer, deodorizing activity on trans-2-nonenal odor, antioxidant properties, and antibacterial properties.

Highlights

Emulsions are the most common form of skin care products [1]
The results are consistent with the report of Siahaan et al [33], who found that temperature and NaOH concentration affected Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCH) synthesis, and Rachtanapun et al [34] in carboxymethyl bacterial cellulose
high-molecularweight carboxymethyl chitosan (H-CMCH) showed to be an effective polymer in retaining skin moisture for longer than untreated skin, water, propylene glycol, and native chitosan

Summary

Introduction

Emulsions are the most common form of skin care products [1]. The ingredients are safe and do not cause skin irritation or any harmful effects [1]; O/W emulsions are the most commonly used in the cosmetic industry. Many cosmetic industries produce a wide variety of beauty products to care for and to avoid excessive sweating and body odor [7]. Deodorants are one of the cosmetic preparations containing substances or ingredients able to eliminate or reduce body odor [8]. The preparation of deodorant is carried out using emulsion systems, where the active ingredients are mixed with waxes, oils, and silicones and produced in the desired form, such as deodorant cream, gel, roll-ons, and sticks [12]

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