Abstract
A new hypothesis that seed crystals (SC) and bacteria based on microbially induced calcium precipitation (MICP) synergistically remove fluoride (F−) from groundwater was proposed, with a focus on evaluating the defluoridation potential of this method and revealing its F− removal mechanism. The crucial conditions were optimized to reduce preparation and operation costs. SC furnished more available binding sites due to the existence of bacteria, and the reuse experiments showed that the defluoridation efficiency of SC still remained a high level after 14 cycles (70.10%), with a residual F− concentration of 0.96 mg L−1. The SEM-EDS, FTIR and XRD analyses indicated the predominant F− removal mechanism of SC could be ascribed to the chemisorption, ion exchange, and co-precipitation. Moreover, ion exchange and co-precipitation (PO43− involvement) were validated more contributive than chemisorption (CaCO3 and CaSO4 involvement). As a feasible, reusable, and eco-friendly technique, SC suggests promising applications in the treatment of fluoride-contaminated groundwater.
Published Version
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