Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic antioxidant potential and protective effect of grape seed procyanidins (GSP) in combination with Auricularia auricular-judae polysaccharides (AAP IV) on radiation injury in splenocytes. Rat splenocyte irradiation resulted in significantly higher apoptosis rate, malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.005), reactive oxygen species (ROS) (p < 0.01); cell viability, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) (p < 0.01), catalase (CAT) (p < 0.01), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) (p < 0.05), activity and glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.01) levels were significantly reduced, compared with the control group. “GSP + AAP IV” treatment of rat splenocytes at doses of “GSP (0.3 μg/mL) + AAP IV (50 μg/mL)” displayed higher radioprotective and antioxidative effects than the administration of either GSP or AAP IV, as evident by lower levels of MDA (p < 0.001) concentration, as well as higher cell viability and T-SOD (p < 0.05), CAT (p < 0.005), GSH-PX (p < 0.01) and GSH content compared to the radiation group. In addition, in vivo studies have shown that “GSP + AAP IV” significantly ameliorated the decrease of spleen index (p < 0.005) and spleen GSH (p < 0.005) levels and significantly inhibited the increase of MDA (p < 0.005) levels of spleen with radiation-induced damage, compared with the non-treated group. The in vivo and in vitro results suggested that GSP and AAP IV have a synergistic protective effect against radiation-induced injury by improving the antioxidant and immunomodulation activities.
Highlights
Radiotherapy is one of the most common treatment modalities for human cancers
We believe that the combination of grape seed procyanidins (GSP) and auricular-judae polysaccharides (AAP), or other agents together would be highly effective in preventing and treating radiation damage. This will be helpful for understanding the effect of the relationship between GSP and AAP, exploring their synergistic effects on cell injury induced by radiation in splenocytes, providing a scientific basis for their application in dietary supplements and drugs for the prevention and treatment of splenocyte damage
The AAP was further separated by DEAE-52 column chromatography into five fractions by stepwise elution with sodium chloride solutions (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mol/L), namely AAP IV, AAP II, AAP III, AAP IV, and AAP V (Figure 1a)
Summary
Radiotherapy is one of the most common treatment modalities for human cancers. In radiotherapy, high doses of ionizing irradiation is used to damage target cells or tissues. In the field of radioprotection, some research reports that the Auricularia auricular-judae polysaccharides (AAP) show protective effects against radiation induced injuries of mice [16]. This has aroused more and more attention is its development and utilization. Emerging evidence has shown that a multi-targeting agent or the combination of agents targeting multiple pathways having radioprotective activities without causing any toxicity would be required for the success of prevention and/or treatment of injury induced by γ-irradiation [18,19]. Believe that the combination of GSP and AAP, or other agents together would be highly effective in preventing and treating radiation damage. This will be helpful for understanding the effect of the relationship between GSP and AAP, exploring their synergistic effects on cell injury induced by radiation in splenocytes, providing a scientific basis for their application in dietary supplements and drugs for the prevention and treatment of splenocyte damage
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