Abstract
The impact of barium silicate nanoparticle (nBS) on the performance and phase composition of blast-furnace slag activated with low sodium oxide content (2.33 wt%) was explored for the first time in the present work. Adding nBS enhanced the workability, accelerated setting times, and improved the mechanical properties of alkali-activated slag (AAS). Moreover, embedding nBS into AAS increased the incorporation of calcium and aluminum cations inside silicate network, which is associated with the retardation of Ba2+ and Na + leaching rate. Although AAS having thermally treated nBS at 800 °C (nBS800) recorded lower Ba2+ leachability than the sample containing nBS at the constant nBS dosage (1.0 wt%), it showed the lower workability, longer setting time, higher Na-leaching rate, and lower compressive strength. Considering the term “sustainability”, the use of nBS (especially with content 1.0 wt%) strongly contributed to save energy through the production of a hardened material with the best performance, highest stability, and lowest alkali activator demand.
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