Abstract
Fermented tilapia (Tilapia nicoliticus) is one of the famous fermented food in Malaysia. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which well known as GRAS (Generally Regarded as Safe) are present in most fermented foods and they are well-known non-pathogenic bacteria that play an important role in everyday life. Apart from LAB, spices have also been used for centuries across different regions of the world to improve aroma, flavour and food preservative. This research was aimed to explore a potential natural food preservative using LAB isolated from fermented Tilapia nicoliticus incorporated with various spices (9% turmeric, 6% chilli and 9% black pepper) against foodborne pathogens. The isolation of LAB in different media (MRS, MRS+CaCO3, M17 and Tomato Juice Agar) showed the highest LAB count on day-9 and day-15 during the fermentation period in fermented Tilapia incorporated with black pepper, turmeric and chilli. The highest antimicrobial activity by LAB against Bacillus cereus was observed in fermented tilapia incorporated with black pepper. On the other hand, fermented fish incorporated with chilli showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Higher antimicrobial activity was detected in fermented Tilapia in the presence of LAB together with the spices, in comparison to the presence of LAB alone, suggesting synergistic effects between LAB in fermented fish with spices could enhance stronger antimicrobial activities against food pathogens and therefore, served as a natural food preservative.
Highlights
Food contamination has been the biggest concern for consumers for a long time
The fermented tilapia incorporated with black pepper showed the highest number of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), followed by chilli and turmeric
Tomato juice agar is recommended for the cultivation and enumeration of Lactobacilli (MacFaddin, 1985)
Summary
It has been shown that food contamination can either come from microbiological or chemical origins. For this reason, there has been intensive and continuous research to get knowledge about contamination sources and the way to prevent them. One of the food contamination sources is due to pathogenic bacteria. This type of contamination has become a global concern because it can affect human health (Rather et al, 2017; Salleh et al, 2017). Food products may transmit certain microorganisms and cause foodborne illnesses in several ways, including through infections, intoxications or toxicoinfections (Knechtges, 2012). Most foodborne illnesses are infections caused by bacteria, viruses and parasites
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