Synergistic multi-doping effect on BNPS-doped activated carbon from almond-biomass for an efficacious double-layer capacitors

Abstract

In this work, a quaternary boron-nitrogen-phosphorous-sulfur doped carbon (BNPSC) material from almond peel biomass is prepared via a one-step pyrolysis technique and is used for supercapacitor applications. A thorough analysis of BNPSC revealed that the incorporation of heteroatoms into the carbon network promoted accelerated ionic transfer, diffusion rates and an electrode/electrolyte interfaces which would contribute to the enhanced electrochemical performance. This material as supercapacitor electrode delivers a maximum half-cell specific capacity of 269 mAhg−1 10 mVs−1. A symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) with BNPSC as electrodes delivers a maximum full-cell specific capacitance of 300 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1. A maximum specific energy of 98.2 Whkg−1 at 1 Ag−1 and specific power of ∼ 3999.59 Wkg−1 at 10 Ag−1 with a potential window of 1 V and 98% capacitance retention over 10,000 cycles is delivered by the fabricated device.