Abstract
A design concept is described for a synergistic hybrid process for separating process streams into two component streams: a solute-rich stream and a solvent-rich stream. This hybrid design concept, which is particularly well-suited for membrane-based unit operations, combines a solute-removal unit operation and a solvent-removal unit operation through use of a recycle stream. By combining the two unit operations in a hybrid system, efficiency is maximized, because each of the unit operations can be carried out under optimal operating conditions. Flexibility is maximized, because system operating conditions can be easily adjusted to accommodate changes in the feed stream or, in the case of membrane-based unit operations, to compensate for changes that occur in the membrane over time. Examples are presented that show that hybrid processes may lower industrial separation costs significantly and result in more-complete separations than are possible using conventional processes.
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