Abstract
Melastoma malabathricum leaves have active compounds that are thought to have the potential as antibacterial namely flavonoids, phenols and terpenoids. The objective of this study was to find effective drugs formulated from Melastoma malabathricum leaves combined with antibiotics as diabetic foot ulcer therapy to prevent further complications and risk of disability in diabetes mellitus patients. Ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were proven to be resistant antibiotics. In this study, the fraction of Melastoma malabathricum leaves was combined with both types of antibiotics namely ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) has been determined against bacterial strains. The determination of MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) value was done using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The interaction of antibiotics with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin was studied in vitro by calculating fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). The synergistic effects of the combination Melastoma malabathricum fraction and antibiotics were observed. The results showed that the combination of Melastoma malabathricum fraction with ciprofloxacin and the combination of Melastoma malabathricum fraction with gentamicin against Escherichia coli had a synergistic effect with FICI value of 0,5. The combination of Melastoma malabathricum fraction with ciprofloxacin and the combination of Melastoma malabathricum fraction with gentamicin have the synergistic effect inhibiting the Escherichia coli.
Highlights
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by open sores on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes with extensive dead tissues and bacterial invasions
Pseudomonas aeruginosa found in DFU patients was one of bacteria found with the highest percentage of 30.57% (Manisha et al, 2012)
The purpose of this study was to find an effective drug formulated from Melastoma malabathricum L. leaf fraction combined with antibiotics for diabetic foot ulcer therapy to prevent further complications and disability risks in DM patients
Summary
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by open sores on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes with extensive dead tissues and bacterial invasions. Pseudomonas aeruginosa found in DFU patients was one of bacteria found with the highest percentage of 30.57% (Manisha et al, 2012). Antibiotic resistance is a major problem that causes long wound healing. Melastoma malabathricum L. leaves extract was proven to be effective for treating wounds. Healing burns with formulations using ointment of ethanol extract from Melastoma malabathricum leaves was effective at a concentration of 5% (Izzati, 2015). The terpenoid action as an antibacterial through the interaction of terpenoid compounds with porins (transmembrane protein) in bacteria due to damaged porins made bacterial cells lack nutrients (Cowman, 1999). The purpose of this study was to find an effective drug formulated from Melastoma malabathricum L. leaf fraction combined with antibiotics for diabetic foot ulcer therapy to prevent further complications and disability risks in DM patients.
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