Abstract
Fruit byproducts are considered a high source of bioactive molecules, which possess antioxidant activities. These antioxidants play principal functions in mycotoxin reduction. This study aimed to evaluate crude mandarin byproduct extract for its chemical interaction with fungal growth and suppression of mycotoxin production, and to illustrate whether the impact was regarding individual molecules or a synergistic antioxidation process. Extract contents were analyzed for their phenolic, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. The fatty acid composition and volatile components were determined using the GC apparatus. The influence of the extract evaluated versus the standard phenolics of trans-ferulic and hesperidin were evaluated. The liposome technique was applied to prevent the antioxidant properties of the bioactive extract. The anti-mycotoxigenic effects of the liposomal and non-liposomal extract were determined in fungal media against the standard phenolics. The results manifested ferulic (235.54 ± 3.34 mg/100 g) and hesperidin (492.11 ± 1.15 mg/100 g) as high phenolics in the extract. Limonene was the main volatile (67.54 ± 1.74%), as well antioxidant activities determined in considerable values. The crude extract recorded efficiency as an anti-Fusarium agent, but less than the standard hesperidin applied in fungal media. The bioactive extract recorded possessed a reduction influence on mycotoxin production. The impact may be joining with its fungal inhibition or its component activity with the active groups on the mycotoxin molecule. The formation of liposomal extract enhanced its efficacy in mycotoxin reduction. This enhancement may illustrate its protective properties for antioxidant components of the bioactive extract.
Highlights
Plant extracts are known as a wealthy source of minor components and nutrients
These acids are included by trans-ferulic, chlorogenic, protocatechuic, and sinapic acids that are recorded to be the major content of the phenolic acids
Fusariumand its toxins are considered a significant hazard for food
Summary
Plant extracts are known as a wealthy source of minor components and nutrients. These nutrients possess a biological function in the metabolic pathways of living organisms [1]. The quantities of nutrients and minor components in the extracts are varied according to the conditions and the environment where the plants are grown [2], but dominant components that are distinguishing of each plant. The minor components and nutrients, which are knowing as bioactive components, could be playing significant functions in the biological systems [3]. These components, mainly acting as antioxidants, protect the tissues against the free radicals, and support the defense system. The components of plant extract that mainly possess this potency to act as antioxidant are the polyphenols
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