Abstract
The search for green and sustainable modification method to produce durable bamboo materials remains a challenge in industry. Here, heat treatment in tung oil at 100–200 °C was employed to modify bamboo materials. Oil permeation and distribution in the structure of bamboo samples during heat treatment were explored. The synergistic effects of tung oil and heat treatment on the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of bamboo materials, and their mutual relationships were also investigated in detail. Results showed that the tung oil heat treated bamboo not only had an enhanced hydrophobic property and dimensional stability, improved fungi resistance, but also displayed good mechanical performance. Compared with the untreated sample, the water-saturated swelling reduced from 3.17% to 2.42% for the sample after oil heat treatment at 200 °C, and the contact angles of the sample after oil heat treatment at 200 °C can keep >100° after 300 s in radial direction. Such improvement can be attributed to changes of chemical components, increased crystallinity structure, and the formation of oily films inside or over the bamboo surface. Therefore, tung oil heat treatment can be a highly promising technology for bamboo modification in the industry.
Highlights
The severe depletion of forests has ignited efforts to utilize non-wood materials to meet the huge demand of engineering material in our industrial society
When the samples were treated in tung oil at high temperature above 180 °C, few fungi were observed on the bamboo surface, indicating that tung oil heat treatment could effectively improve the fungi resistance of bamboo
We have shown that heat treatment in tung oil is an effective approach to modify bamboo to produce more durable bamboo materials
Summary
Combined with the chemical composition results (Table S3) that tung oil heat treatment at low temperature had little effect on the content of hemicellulose and lignin, the increased band was mainly due to the presence of tung oil in the oil treated bamboo. Combined with the results of IR and chemical composition analysis, the improved thermal stability of bamboo samples after tung oil heat treatment was probably due to the partial degradation of amorphous carbohydrates, such as hemicellulose, and the increment of cellulose crystalline. When the samples were treated in tung oil at high temperature above 180 °C, few fungi were observed on the bamboo surface, indicating that tung oil heat treatment could effectively improve the fungi resistance of bamboo. The bamboo materials after tung oil heat treatment could be widely applied in the indoor and outdoor such as floorings, furniture and fencing
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