Abstract
The synergistic anti-obesity effect of paraprobiotic heat-killed lactic acid bacteria (HLAB) and prebiotics has not been studied. To determine the anti-obesity properties of prebiotic polyphenol-rich wine grape seed flour (GSF) and paraprobiotic HLAB, C57BL/6J mice were administered a high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFrD) with 5% microcrystalline cellulose (CON), HFFrD supplemented with 2.5% GSF, HFFrD with orally administered HLAB, or HFFrD with a combination of GSF and orally administered HLAB (GSF+HLAB) for 8 weeks. Compared with the CON group, the GSF and HLAB groups both showed significant reductions in HFFrD-induced body weight gain and adipose tissue weights (p < 0.05). Interestingly, combined supplementation with GSF and HLAB revealed statistically significant synergistic effects on body weight gain, visceral adiposity, and plasma triacylglycerol concentrations (p < 0.05). The synergistic action was significantly related to a decreased adipocyte gene expression in fatty acid synthesis and inflammation metabolism. In conclusion, the combination of prebiotic GSF and paraprobiotic kefir HLAB is potentially useful, as natural food ingredients, in the prevention of obesity and obesity-related diseases, especially for immunocompromised individuals.
Highlights
Obesity is a serious risk factor for several chronic diseases, such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, respiratory disorders, and cancers
We have recently shown that the combination of flavonoid-rich grape seed flour (GSF) and live kefir-derived lactic acid bacteria (LAB) improved HF-induced obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders in a synergistic manner [14]
Group, the adipose tissue weights of the GSF, GSF+heat-killed lactic acid bacteria (HLAB), and HLAB groups were significantly lowered by 37%, 61%, and 36%, respectively (p < 0.05) (Figure 1C)
Summary
Obesity is a serious risk factor for several chronic diseases, such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, respiratory disorders, and cancers. It incurs tremendous medical costs in both developed and developing countries [1]. Therapeutic drugs to treat obesity reportedly cause several side effects related to blood pressure, hepatic failure, pancreatitis, and headaches [2]. The potential anti-obesity effects of probiotics have been reported in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Lactobacillus plantarum FH185, L. plantarum K21, L. gasseri BNR17, L. gasseri SBT2055, and Bifidobacterium breve B-3 were found to prevent diet-induced body weight gain and obesity-related metabolic disturbances in rats and mice [4]
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