Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed at evaluating the anticancer activity of selenium and zinc in human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cell line exposed to sulfasalazine (SSZ). Methods: Lipid peroxidation through the thiobarbituric acid reagent, oxygen-free radicals with the dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate reagent, glutathione (GSH) reserves through the 5,5’-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) reagent, and mitochondrial activity with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide reagent were evaluated in the HT-29 cell line. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes and the activity of caspase-3 were determined using an ELISA kit. Genetic toxicity was also assessed by Comet assay. Results and Discussion: Combination therapy of SSZ with zinc or selenium in HT-29 reduced their growth, GSH, and the activity of SOD and GPx enzyme and increased reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation and the activity of caspase-3. The amount of tail moment in the comet test in the presence of these substances has also increased, indicating damage to cancer cells' DNA. In general, the best effect of selenium and zinc at concentrations of 100 and 200 μM (p < 0.05) (p < 0.01) was observed. Conclusion: Due to zinc and selenium's mechanism of action in inhibiting cancer cells' growth, these two substances can be used as a supplement to improve the effect of SSZ in treating diseases (e.g., colorectal cancer) and inhibiting drug toxicity.
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