Abstract
Pistachio shell powder supported nano-zerovalent copper (ZVC@PS) material prepared by borohydride reduction was characterized using SEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA/DTA, BET, and XPS. SEM, XRD, and XPS revealed the nano-zerovalent copper to consist of a core-shell structure with CuO shell and Cu(0) core with a particle size of 40-100 nm and spherical morphology aggregated on PS biomass. ZVC@PS was found to contain 39% (w/w %) Cu onto the pistachio shell biomass. Batch sorption of Cr(VI) from the aqueous using ZVC@PS was studied and was optimized for dose (0.1-0.5 g/L), initial Cr(VI) concentration(1-20 mg/L), and pH (2-12). Optimized conditions were 0.1 g/L doses of sorbent and pH=3 for Cr(VI) adsorption. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models fitted well to the adsorption behavior of ZVC@PS for Cr(VI) with a pseudo-second-order kinetic behavior. ZVC@PS (0.1g/L) exhibits qmax for Cr(VI) removal up to 110.9 mg/g. XPS and other spectroscopic evidence suggest the adsorption of Cr(VI) by pistachio shell powder, coupled with reductive conversion of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by ZVC particles to produce a synergistic effect for the efficient remediation of Cr(VI) from aqueous medium.
Highlights
Consumer demands of expanding population on the planet are met by our industries with production, which is a threat to sustainable development
This higher Cr(VI) adsorption efficiency of zerovalent copper (ZVC)@PS may be ascribed to the formation of welldispersed ZVC nanoparticles on the surface of pistachio shell powder during synthesis, which otherwise gets agglomerated in the absence of support
A synergistic effect was observed between the Cr(VI) adsorption tendency of pistachio shell powder and reductive removal of Cr(VI) by zero-valent copper, which causes a significant increase in Cr(VI) removal efficiencies of ZVC@PS
Summary
Consumer demands of expanding population on the planet are met by our industries with production, which is a threat to sustainable development. Industries produce goods as per the demand of the consumer. Industries meet these demands through time-efficient processes, which demand the use of chemicals that could be fossiloriented or mining-oriented (Carvalho 2017). These chemicals enter into the biosphere through various environmental pathways and food chains (Garvey 2019). Heavy metals are essential components of these chemicals due to their desired redox, coordination, and physical attributes (Aigberua et al 2018; Vardhan et al 2019).
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