Abstract
A wood polymer nanocomposite (WPNC) was prepared by impregnating melamine formaldehyde–furfuryl alcohol copolymer, dimethylol dihydroxyethylene urea, a cross-linking agent, nanoclay, nano-TiO2, and a renewable polymer obtained as a gum from the plant Moringa oleifera into wood (Ficus hispida). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry were used to confirm the surface modification of TiO2 and interfacial interaction between wood, polymer, cross-linker, and nanoparticles. The uniform distribution of nanoclay and TiO2 was evidenced by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Remarkable improvement in the ultraviolet resistance properties was observed, as manifested by lower weight loss, carbonyl index, lignin index, and crystallinity index values, SEM study, and lower loss in mechanical properties. WPNC treated with 3 phr each of nanoclay, TiO2, and the plant gum enhanced significantly the mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and thermal stability and decreased the water uptake capacity.
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