Synergistic Effect of Maleated Natural Rubber and Modified Palm Stearin as Dual Compatibilizers in Composites based on Natural Rubber and Halloysite Nanotubes.

Nabil Hayeemasae,Indra Surya,Hanafi Ismail,Zareedan Sensem,Kannika Sahakaro

doi:10.3390/polym12040766

Nabil Hayeemasae, Indra Surya + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12040766

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Abstract

The performance of rubber composite relies on the compatibility between rubber and filler. This is specifically of concern when preparing composites with very different polarities of the rubber matrix and the filler. However, a suitable compatibilizer can mediate the interactions. In this study, composites of natural rubber (NR) with halloysite nanotubes (HNT) were prepared with maleated natural rubber (MNR) and modified palm stearin (MPS) as dual compatibilizers. The MPS dose ranged within 0.5–1.5 phr, while the MNR dose was fixed at 10 phr in all formulations. It was found that the mixed MNR/MPS significantly enhanced modulus, tensile strength, and tear strength of the composites. The improvements were mainly due to improved rubber-HNT interactions arising from hydrogen bonds formed in the presence of these two compatibilizers. This was clearly verified by observing the Payne effect. Apart from that, the MPS also acted as a plasticizer to provide improved dispersion of HNT. It was clearly demonstrated that MNR and MPS as dual compatibilizers improved rubber-HNT interactions and reduced filler-filler interactions, which then improved tensile and tear strengths, as well as dynamical properties. Therefore, the mix of MNR and MPS had a great potential to compatibilize non-polar rubber with HNT filler.

Highlights

Enhanced properties of rubber can be obtained by adding a small amount of nanofillers.This technique has drawn considerable attention during the last decades [1,2,3]
The main natural rubber (NR) matrix used in this experiment was STR 5L, which was manufactured by Chalong
H stretch were−1detected at wavenumbers 2922 and 2852 cm−1, and CH2 rocking bands appeared at 719 at 719 and 721cm associated with long alkyl chains in the fatty acids; these were observed in both and 721cm−1 associated with long alkyl chains in the fatty acids; these were observed in both unmodified and modified palm stearin

Summary

Introduction

Enhanced properties of rubber can be obtained by adding a small amount of nanofillers. This technique has drawn considerable attention during the last decades [1,2,3]. Halloysite nanotubes (HNT) are a type of nanofiller that has been recently tested in many types of matrix [4,5,6,7]. This is because of the very special characteristics of this material formed by surface weathering of aluminosilicate minerals and composed of aluminum, silicon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

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