Abstract
A total of seventy-five medical specimens were collected from different patients admitted to Zagazig university hospital, Egypt. The selected bacterial isolates were distributed as 45 Gram negative bacterial isolates (60%) and 30 Gram positive bacterial isolates (40%). The most effective antibiotic was gentamycin (76%) followed by amikacin and nitrofurantoin. The multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates were selected and identified to four groups; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The selected isolates were screened for their capability of biofilm, hemolysins, lecithinase and protease production. S. aureus AM23 and P. aeruginosa AM41 were selected as the highest biofilm and degrading enzymes producers. Furthermore, twenty-four methanolic and aqueous crude extracts derived from different medicinal plants in Egypt were screened for their antibacterial activity against both selected MDR strains. Methanolic extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf showed the greatest effect on the tested bacteria. Also, there was a synergistic effect of combined E. camaldulensis leaf extract and antibiotics (Gentamycin and Ceftriaxone) against tested organisms. Transmission electron microscopy showed changes in cell shapes, size, contents and cell envelop of antimicrobials treated bacterial cells compared to the control. Our findings proved that the leaf extracts of E. camaldulensis had great potential as antimicrobial agents in the treatment of infectious organisms.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 486-497
Highlights
The virulence factor concept has unquestionably led to the identification of important microbial attributes of virulence that have greatly furthered to understanding of microbial pathogenesis
Understanding which bacterial characteristics contribute most to disease is a major area of research in microbiology and infection biology (Lebeaux et al, 2014)
Seventy-five bacterial isolates which isolated from wound, urine, vaginal and respiratory infections of different patients were distributed as 30 Grampositive bacterial isolates and 45 Gram negative bacterial isolates (Table 1)
Summary
The virulence factor concept has unquestionably led to the identification of important microbial attributes of virulence that have greatly furthered to understanding of microbial pathogenesis. The approach of defining virulence factors by the use of the molecular postulates has provided an experimentally rigorous approach to the study of virulence in certain microbes (Falkow, 2004). The virulence factor concept has significant limitations for a global understanding of microbial virulence. Increasing hospital and community-acquired infections due to bacterial multidrug-resistant (MDR). Article may be cited as: F.M. Reda et al (2017) Int. J.
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