Synergistic effect of alginate/BMP-2/Umbilical cord serum-coated on 3D-printed PCL biocomposite for mastoid obliteration model

Abstract

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) has been used widely in bone tissue regeneration; however, the use of rhBMP‐2 can be limited clinically because extremely high doses can cause opposing effects on bone formation, such as high inflammation, edema, and even uncontrollable bone growth. To overcome the limitation of using BMP-2, we used an umbilical cord serum (UCS) that exhibits various growth factors (epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, nerve growth factor, etc.). To evaluate the effect of the UCS, we studied the synergistic effect of the composite scaffold using BMP-2/UCS/alginate coated on three-dimensional mesh-structured poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), both in vitro and in vivo, using a rat mastoid obliteration model. The newly suggested biocomposite scaffold (BMP-2/UCS/alginate) demonstrates significantly rapid new bone formation (particularly, in the interstitial area of the scaffold) compared to those of two controls: PCL mesh structure coated with alginate, and BMP-2/alginate-coated PCL scaffold. Based on the in vitro and in vivo works, the present study demonstrates that the simultaneous use of low‐dose BMP‐2 and UCS increases osteogenesis significantly in a rat model compared to the control that uses only BMP‐2.