Synergistic effect of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid and ethylene during senescence of isolated carnation petals

Abstract

The effects of ethylene (C2H4), (2‐chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethefon) and 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) on senescence of isolated intact petals and of upper petal parts of carnation flowers (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. White Sim) were investigated.Isolated upper petal parts did not respond to treatment with ethefon or ACC. These tissues did, however, show severe wilting in intact petals that were treated with ethefon or ACC. When isolated upper petal parts were simultaneously treated with ACC and ethefon or ACC and ethylene, a marked synergistic effect on senescence was found. Treatment of isolated petals with radiolabeled ACC led to the accumulation of radiolabeled ACC and N‐malonyl‐ACC (MACC) in the upper parts. The formation of ethylene and the malonylation of ACC were inhibited by pretreatment of the flower with the inhibitor of ethylene action, silver thiosulphate (STS), which indicates that both were induced by endogenously produced ethylene. Treatment of isolated upper parts with ACC slightly increased their ethylene production. However, when these petal parts were simultaneously treated with ethylene and ACC, the conversion of ACC to ethylene was markedly stimulated.The results indicate that, in intact petals, ethylene may be translocated from the basal to the upper part where it stimulates the activity of the ethylene‐forming enzyme (EFE), thereby making the tissue receptive to ACC.In addition, it was found that upon incubation of petal portions in radiolabeled ACC, both the petal tissue and the incubation solutions produced radiolabeled carbon dioxide. This was shown to be due to microorganisms that were able to metabolize the carbon atoms in the 2 and 3 position of ACC into carbon dioxide.