Synergistic co-sensitization of environment-friendly chlorophyll and anthocyanin-based natural dye-sensitized solar cells: An effective approach towards enhanced efficiency and stability

Abstract

This study reports on the preparation of TiO2 nanorods (TNRs) and their application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) to enable the production of efficient sources of energy for use in ambient indoor circumstances. The aim of the study is to enhance the efficiency and stability of DSSCs while also making them more affordable and eco-friendly. To achieve this, a novel approach was taken through the synergistic co-sensitization of environment-friendly natural dyes based on Spinacia Oleracea Leaves (SOL: chlorophyll) and Ixora Coccinea Flowers (ICF: anthocyanin). The combination of these dyes improved light absorption and charge separation, leading to enhanced power conversion efficiency. Various physicochemical characterizations of TNRs and dyes were performed and the co-sensitized dyes exhibited greatly enhanced visible-light photo-electrochemical performance which were later evaluated by J-V and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies. Additionally, the role of various economical and environment-friendly counter electrodes was investigated. Using this co-sensitization technique, FTO/c-TiO2/TNRs/dyes/electrolyte/(C, Ninp, Nip) structured DSSCs were designed for the production of power under ambient light conditions. The optimal PCE of 2.39% is achieved under the artificial irradiation of ∼ 996 Wm−2 which is 2.3 and 4.2- times greater efficiency compared to single natural SOL and ICF-dyes-based DSSCs, respectively. Moreover, the synergistically co-sensitized DSSCs showed improved stability under prolonged light soaking (∼450 h) and storage conditions (at 27 °C). This study highlights the potential of PV technologies in enabling buildings and movable gadgets to become more independent and smarter while also providing an efficient source of energy for use in ambient indoor circumstances.