Abstract
All-inorganic perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) have gained massive attention due to their less instability against common degradation factors (light, heat, and moisture) than their organic–inorganic hybrid counterparts. Inorganic perovskites bear a general formula of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, I, Br). The mixed halide CsPbIBr2 perovskite possesses an intermediate band gap of 2.03 eV with enhanced stability, which is still available for photovoltaic applications and the research focus of this work. We present a synergistic approach of pre-heated solution dropping with inorganic additive inclusion to deposit the organic-free triple anion CsPbIBr2 PSC. Erbium (Er)-passivated triple-anion CsI(PbBr2)0.97(ErCl3)0.03 IPSCs with inorganic carrier selective layers (CTLs), that is, organic-free, are fabricated with enhanced carrier diffusion length and crystalline grain size while lessening the grain boundaries near perovskite active layer (PAL)-bulk/carrier selective interfaces. As a result, the trap-state densities within the perovskite bulk were suppressed with stabilized CTL/PAL interfaces for smooth and enhanced carrier transportation. Therefore, for the first time, we contradict the common belief of VOC loss due to halide segregation, as a nice VOC of about 1.34 V is achieved for an organic-free IPSC through enriching initial radiative efficiency, even when halide segregation is present. The optimized organic-free IPSC yielded a power conversion efficiency of 11.61% and a stabilized power output of 10.72%, which provides the potential opportunity to integrate into agrivoltaics (AgV) projects.
Highlights
Organo-metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have brought about a research revolution in the field of photovoltaics (PVs), as their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) have skyrocketed compared to conventional Si-based solar cells
Despite the appealing performance at the laboratory scale, the fragility of organic moiety against temperature, illumination, and moisture mishmashes resulted in meager device performance, which is the only Achilles’ heel precluding them from their potential commercialization.[3−5] To solve instability issues, ever-growing attention has been paid toward the development of inorganic PSCs (IPSCs)
Previous reports have described that Br-rich inorganic perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) are still far from their theoretical PV parameters, such as device PCE
Summary
Organo-metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have brought about a research revolution in the field of photovoltaics (PVs), as their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) have skyrocketed compared to conventional Si-based solar cells. The PCEs of Br-rich IPSCs are far from their maximum theoretical efficiencies, which is caused by their undesirable absorption threshold and non-radiative recombination.[29,30] The initial radiative efficiency (IRE) is lowered by phase segregation, which leads to trap states and polaron formation near the carrier selective layer (CTLs) interfaces and Eloss (Eloss = Eg − eVOC) within the perovskite bulk, limiting the overall VOC. Carbon electrode-based CsPbIBr2 PSC was reported with an optimized bulk heterojunction layer inserted between the PAL and counter electrode. That enhanced the light absorption capability of PAL, optimized the carrier transport dynamics, and inhibited dark recombination while yielding an overall PCE of 11.54%.41. We surmised that the heteroatom doping of the Er salt enhances the bulk properties and improves carrier transportation across the CTL/PAL interface. The optimized semi-transparent device utilizes merely
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