Abstract
Grape seed and green tea extracts are reported to produce antioxidant scavenging activities against free radical toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that a specific combination of these extracts presents a synergistic antioxidant scavenging activities. The extracts of grape seed, green tea and their mixtures were characterized by phytochemical studies and tested for phenolics and flavonoids. In vitro antioxidant activity for individual extract and its mixtures was determined by DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide free radical scavenging methods. The amount of total phenolics varied among the different extracts and ranged from 43.74 to 67.68 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) / g dry weight, whereas total flavonoids content ranged from 4.25 to 11.66 mg of quercetin equivalents (QU) /g dry weight. The present results suggest that both extracts reported a highly contents of total phenolic and flavonoids compounds, also the mixtures of these extracts can synergistically enhance antioxidant activity. Antioxidant potential from mixture 2 (grape seed extract 200 mg: green tea extract 100 mg) was comparable to that of standard. HPLC results showed that the most abundant components in the mixture 2 extract were epigallocatechingallate while the lowest was the procyanidine.
Highlights
Oxidative stress, induced by oxygen radicals, proved to be a major factor in various degenerative diseases, such as cancer, malignant diseases, diabetes and atherosclerosis (Muramatsu et al, 1995; Bandyopadhyay et al, 1997; Apel and Hirt, 2004)
Grape seed extract (GSE) is a by-product derived from the grape seeds (Vitis vinifera) that is extracted, dried and purified to produce a polyphenolic compound rich extract (Lau and King, 2003)
Materials and Methods Chemicals Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), sodium carbonate, aluminum chloride and chemical HPLC-grade standards of gallic acid, (-) catechin gallate, (-)-gallo catechins, (-)-catechin, (-)epigallocatechin, (-)-epicatechin, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, procyanidine C1, (-)-epigallocatechingallate, (-)gallocatechin gallate, procyanidine C2 and (-)epicatechingallate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
Summary
Oxidative stress, induced by oxygen radicals, proved to be a major factor in various degenerative diseases, such as cancer, malignant diseases, diabetes and atherosclerosis (Muramatsu et al, 1995; Bandyopadhyay et al, 1997; Apel and Hirt, 2004). The presence of antioxidant systems protects the cell membrane against damage caused by free radicals. In general supplementation by antioxidants, like vitamins A, C, E, cysteine and glutathione is known to decrease free-radical damage caused by radiation treatment (Deger et al, 2003; El-Beltagi et al, 2011). Of the naturally polyphenolic compounds, catechins and their polymers, procyanidins have obtained a large interest due to their antioxidant properties that can perform scavenging action on free radicals superoxide, hydroxyl, and 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), metal chelating properties, reduction of hydroperoxide formation and their effects on cell signaling pathways and gene expression (Jacob et al, 2008).
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