Synergistic Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Lipophilic Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin and Camellia Oil Combination in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells.

Linli Zhang,Juan Chen,Jun Chen,Ruihong Liang,Chengmei Liu,Mingshun Chen

doi:10.3390/antiox11020289

Abstract

Combination drug therapy has become an effective strategy to control inflammation. Lipophilic grape seed proanthocyanidin (LGSP) and camellia oil (CO) have been independently investigated to show anti-inflammatory effects, but their synergistic anti-inflammatory effects are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of LGSP and CO. The anti-inflammatory activity of LGSP and CO individual or in combination on RAW264.7 cells was detected by MTT assay, Griess reagent, RT-PCR, 2′,7′-dichlorfluoroescein diacetate and Western blot analysis. The combined treatment of LGSP with CO (20 μg/mL and 1 mg/mL) synergistically suppressed the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and ROS. Further studies showed that the synergistic effect was attributed to their suppression of the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Overall, our findings demonstrate the potential synergistic effect between LGSP and CO in LPS-induced inflammation.

Highlights

Inflammation is an intricate defensive response of the body to achieve self-protection against various irritation and infection
The effect of Lipophilic grape seed proanthocyanidin (LGSP) and camellia oil (CO) on RAW264.7 cell viability was detected by MTT assay to eliminate the influence of cytotoxicity on their anti-inflammatory activity
The results suggested that LGSP and/or CO were not cytotoxic to RAW264.7 cells at the above doses

Summary

Introduction

Inflammation is an intricate defensive response of the body to achieve self-protection against various irritation and infection. Excess inflammation is a favorable condition for the formation of various chronic diseases, including diabetes, colitis, obesity and even cancer [1,2]. NO is an inflammatory mediator, and excess NO in immune-inflammatory diseases can induce the production of some pro-inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, which are the main indicators of the severity of inflammation in vivo [3]. IL-10 is a cytokine with strong anti-inflammatory properties that play an important role in the immune response against pathogens [4]. It is necessary to develop novel and more effective anti-inflammatory drugs continuously

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Conclusion