Synergistic anti-fungal action of azole compounds with mixed ligand complexes and their applications

Abstract

Selenium (Se (II)) and Zinc (Zn (II)) mixed ligand complexes containing glycine (gly) and pyroglutamic acid (l-PCA) as primary ligands, and salicylic acid (HL1) and glycolic acid (HL2) as secondary ligands have been prepared. These novel complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13CNMR, UV–Vis., FTIR, X-ray diffraction, mass spectra and thermal analysis. The elemental analysis revealed the formation of [1:1:1] zinc or selenium amino acid-hydroxy acid complexes.The bonds interactions between Se (II), Zn (II), and ligands had been investigated using IR spectrophotometry revealing that the ligands exhibited neutral bidentate behavior; the amino acid (primary ligand) coordinates through the nitrogen atom and the carbonyl group's oxygen atom, whereas the hydroxy acids HL1 and HL2 (secondary ligands) coordinate through the OH group and the carbonyl group's oxygen atom.Electronic absorption spectra of the mixed-ligand complexes indicate a square planar shape. The prepared mixed ligand complexes were encapsulated with another powerful antifungal agent, climbazole, in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for topical application to improve the therapeutic activity. The NLCs were prepared by a hot homogenization method and characterized by particle size, drug entrapment, in vitro drug release, and zeta potential to guarantee the stability of the desired nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). The microbiological activity of climbazole-mixed ligand complexes and their encapsulated forms were assessed against Malassezia furfur, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli. In comparison to Se (II) and Zn (II) mixed ligand complexes alone, the study revealed that the combination of Se (II) and Zn (II) mixed ligand complexes with climbazole in NLCs considerably increased antibacterial activity against the tested microbial strains. P ≤ 0.05 indicates statistical significance for the difference.