Abstract
Combination of various compounds and essential oils for pharmaceutical formulations withdraw attention. In this present study, it was aimed to evaluate the in vitro potential synergistic antibacterial effect of Lavandula latifolia (spike lavender) essential oil with camphor by using the checkerboard method against the human pathogens; Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. Pharmacopoeia quality L.latifolia essential oil and racemic camphor were analyzed and verified by GC-FID and GC/MS, simultaneously. In vitro antibacterial activity of essential oil and camphor (MIC range: 0.16-20mg/mL) and standard antimicrobial clarithromycin (MIC range: 0.125-16μg/mL) were carried out by broth microdilution against S.aureus and L.monocytogenes standard strains, respectively. Resulting antibacterial effects were evaluated for their fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) as antagonistic, additive and synergistic effects. The analytical results showed that the major component of essential oil was linalool (45.2%) and 1,8-cineole (25.6%). Antibacterial effects of essential oil were determined as MIC 1.25-5mg/mL. As a result of the experiments, L.latifolia essential oil-camphor combinations were identified as "synergistic (FIC≤0.5), and additive (0.5<FIC≤1)" in the respective combinations, suggesting further evaluation for formulations for potential antimicrobial applications in food and pharmaceuticals.
Highlights
Lavandula sp. (Lamiaceae) is a valuable essential oil plant crop, which is cultivated around the world mainly for cosmetics and pharmaceutical utilization since centuries [1, 2]
Resulting antibacterial effects were evaluated for their fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) as antagonistic, additive and synergistic effects
The aim of this work was to compare the antimicrobial efficacy by using binary combinations of L. latifolia essential oil with racemic camphor, alone and in combination using the checkerboard method, against human pathogenic S. aureus and L. monocytogenes standard strains
Summary
Lavandula sp. (Lamiaceae) is a valuable essential oil plant crop, which is cultivated around the world mainly for cosmetics and pharmaceutical utilization since centuries [1, 2]. Lavandula essential oils are especially used for nervous system stimulation, sedation, tranquilization and stress relieve. It has useful dermatological uses in the treatment of sunburn and skin rashes, as well as strong antiseptic, and antimicrobial effects [3]. There are three commercially important species within the genus among other cultivars, producing lavender = L. hybrida L.) and Spike lavender (L. spica = Lavandula latifolia Medik.) [4, 5]. Essential oil is one of the medicinal herbal products, which contains as main components 1,8-cineole and linalool, having utilization in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals as well. Linalool has sedative [6, 7] and local anesthetic effects [8]; antimicrobial [9, 10], and insecticidal effects [11, 12]; whereas the main component 1,8-cineole has antispasmodic [13] and antimicrobial [10] properties. 1,8-Cineole is present in L. angustifolia and L. hybrida, in much lower concentrations [14,15,16]
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