Abstract
Eutrophic water bodies in coastal estuary areas usually show saline-alkaline characteristics influenced by tides. The purification performance of traditional planted floating beds in this water body is limited because of the poor growth of plants. A novel integrated floating bed with plants (Iris pseudoacorus), fillers (volcanic rocks and zeolites), and microbes named PFM was established, and the pollutant removal performance was studied. Results showed that the average ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and permanganate index (CODMn) removal efficiencies of PFM were higher with the value of 81.9, 78.5, 53.7, and 72.4%, respectively, when compared with the other floating beds containing plants (P), fillers (F), microbes (M), and plants and fillers (PF) in this study. Therein, the most of NH4+-N (30.1%), TN (27.9%), TP (22.5%), and CODMn (43.6%) were removed by microbes, higher than those removed by plants and fillers. Analysis of the microbial community revealed that the establishment of PFM led to a higher microbial richness than M, and Acinetobacter, as the main microbes with the function of salt tolerance and denitrification, were dominated in PFM with a relative abundance of 6.8%. It was inferred that the plants and fillers might enrich more salt-tolerance microbes for pollutants removal, and microbes favored the growth of plants via degradation of macromolecular substrates. Synergistic actions in the process of eutrophic brackish water purification were established. This study provided an idea for the application of integrated floating bed in eutrophic and brackish water bodies purification in coastal estuary areas.
Highlights
Coastal estuaries are the ecotone of terrestrial and marine ecosystem with low water exchange rate, and susceptible to human activities
Water Quality NH4+-N, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and CODMn were measured by the Nesslerizatin colorimetric method, alkaline potassium persulfateultraviolet spectrophotometry, ammonium molybdate–antimony potassium tartrate–ascorbic acid spectrophotometry, and potassium permanganate method, respectively, according to the protocols described in the Chinese Standard Methods (State Environmental Protection Administration of China, and Editorial Board of Monitoring and Analytical Method of Water and Wastewater, 2002)
Microbes and plants were the main reason for NH4+-N removal performance of PFM, ηM and ηP were 30.1 and 20.2%, respectively, at the end of the operation (Figure 2A)
Summary
Coastal estuaries are the ecotone of terrestrial and marine ecosystem with low water exchange rate, and susceptible to human activities. Floating Bed Purifies Brackish Water importantly, eutrophication may lead to serious health hazards to humans in various pathways. Salt or brackish water bodies caused by NaCl or HCO3−-CO32− are a challenge to the environment in coastal estuary areas. The growth of plants and microorganisms is inhibited under the influence of salt and alkali stress, and the selfpurification ability of water bodies is restrained, resulting in a deterioration of waterfront ecological landscape (Zhao et al, 2005; Benzarti et al, 2014). A suitable remediation method should be selected with the advantages of an effective water purification performance and the tolerance to salt and alkali when eutrophication occurs in the coastal estuary areas
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