Abstract
Endogenous gas transmitters, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) are important signaling molecules known to exert multiple biological functions. In recent years, the role of H2S, CO and NO in regulation of cardiovascular, neuronal and digestive systems physiology and pathophysiology has been emphasized. Possible link between these gaseous mediators and multiple diseases as well as potential therapeutic applications has attracted great attention from biomedical scientists working in many fields of biomedicine. Thus, various pharmacological tools with ability to release CO or H2S were developed and implemented in experimental animal in vivo and in vitro models of many disorders and preliminary human studies. This review was designed to review signaling functions, similarities, dissimilarities and a possible cross-talk between H2S and CO produced endogenously or released from chemical donors, with special emphasis on gastrointestinal digestive system pathologies prevention and treatment.
Highlights
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO), next to nitric oxide (NO) are the most recently studied endogenous gaseous mediators
It has been shown that these gaseous mediators, to NO, play an important beneficial functions in the body among others including the regulation of homeostasis, vasorelaxation, the regulation of various enzymes activity and the modulation of the particular genes expression [1,2,3,4]
CO is produced in mammalian tissues by heme degradation involving enzymatic activity of heme oxygenases (HMOXs) [2]
Summary
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO), next to nitric oxide (NO) are the most recently studied endogenous gaseous mediators. It has been shown that these gaseous mediators, to NO, play an important beneficial functions in the body among others including the regulation of homeostasis, vasorelaxation, the regulation of various enzymes activity and the modulation of the particular genes expression [1,2,3,4]. These small gaseous molecules have become the main target of many investigations in the context of various diseases including gastrointestinal (GI) pathologies. Within this article we aimed to explain and highlight possible mechanisms of interaction and the cross-talk between CO and H2S biosynthesis pathways, with special emphasis on the development, prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) and digestive system pathologies
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