Abstract
Various combinations of synthesized thiuram disulfides (TD), namely Bis (N-phenyl piperazine) thiuram disulfide (PPTD) and Bis (N-ethyl piperazine) thiuram disulfide (EPTD) with mercapto benzothiazole disulfide (MBTS) are studied in natural rubber (NR) vulcanization. At the same time, we also revised the TD-MBTS binary accelerator on the carbon black-filled NR system. An evaluation is prepared between the synthesized safe thiuram disulfides with the unsafe tetra methyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD) in the light of mechanical and aging resistance behavior to introduce non-carcinogenic rubber additives to vulcanization of rubber. Synthesized safe amine-based thiuram disulfides in combination with MBTS display strong synergism in the gum vulcanization. Higher concentration of thiuram disulfide in presence of MBTS (6:3 mM ratio) shows better results with respect to cure and physical properties. In the specific concentration of 9 mM per hundred gram of rubber (6:3 mM ratio of TD to MBTS), however, PPTD-MBTS accelerated filled vulcanizates show utmost aging resistance behavior, but EPTD-MBTS accelerated filled stock spectacles show superior aging as well as mechanical properties as compared to that of TMTD-MBTS accelerated system.
Highlights
Various combinations of synthesized thiuram disulfides (TD), namely Bis (N-phenyl piperazine) thiuram disulfide (PPTD) and Bis (N-ethyl piperazine) thiuram disulfide (EPTD) with mercapto benzothiazole disulfide (MBTS) are studied in natural rubber (NR) vulcanization
An evaluation is prepared between the synthesized safe thiuram disulfides with the unsafe tetra methyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD) in the light of mechanical and aging resistance behavior to introduce non-carcinogenic rubber additives to vulcanization of rubber
After choosing the better combinations of these thiuram disulfides-MBTS systems with respect to synergism, our aim is to test the effects of these binary accelerator systems in the carbon black-filled vulcanization of natural rubber
Summary
The parent compound of thiuram, either alone or in combination with thiazole group of accelerators [1, 2] have been immensely important and popular during last few decades in the rubber industry for their efficient accelerated cross linking capacity leading to preparation of vulcanized article of desired technological properties. The use of two or more accelerators simultaneously, instead of a single one, has been found to be more advantageous for technological applications, since these mixed systems generally exhibit higher vulcanization activity (synergism) than the individual accelerators separately. Recent concern on potential health hazard of different rubber chemicals has thrown the subject quite open to the scientists. Rubber chemicals derived from secondary amine, when exposed in air, form nitrosamines in presence of atmospheric nitrosating agent. Airborne and urinary Nnitrosamines levels were very low, exposed works should
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