Abstract
Membrane-active peptides (MAPs) have long been thought of as the key to defeating antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. Such peptides, however, may not be sufficient alone. In this review, we seek to highlight some of the common pathways for resistance, as well as some avenues for potential synergy. This discussion takes place considering resistance, and/or synergy in the extracellular space, at the membrane, and during interaction, and/or removal. Overall, this review shows that researchers require improved definitions of resistance and a more thorough understanding of MAP-resistance mechanisms. The solution to combating resistance may ultimately come from an understanding of how to harness the power of synergistic drug combinations.
Highlights
Membrane-active peptides (MAPs) are peptides ranging from about 4–40 amino acids in length that can interact with the cell membrane through permeabilization or other antimicrobial mechanisms [1,2]
They are often comprised of amino acid residues that are positively charged at pH 7
In the past 10 years publication of materials concerning MAPs has exponentially increased [2]. This increase is partly due to MAPs potential ability to combat antimicrobial-resistance [4]
Summary
Membrane-active peptides (MAPs) are peptides ranging from about 4–40 amino acids in length that can interact with the cell membrane through permeabilization or other antimicrobial mechanisms [1,2]. Total disruption of the membrane and escape of large, macromolecules molecules, charged lipids, leading again to disruption of transport and disruption of signal has been seen and an important mechanism with synthetic MAPs [11]. Researchers in this area have transduction [8,9,10]. Total disruption of the membrane and escape of large, macromolecules has been repeated the claim that, no matter what the exact mechanism, the ability of MAPs to target the cell seen and an important mechanism with synthetic MAPs [11] Researchers in this area have repeated membrane allows them to either partially or totally circumvent the development of resistance [12–.
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