Synergic Effects of Magnetic Nanoparticles on Hyperthermia-Based Therapy and Controlled Drug Delivery for Bone Substitute Application

Abstract

Three-dimensional bio-nanocomposite scaffolds using bioactive wollastonite and bioglass as the base materials are composed with 0 (as the control), 5, 10, and 15 wt% of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with space-based agents sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). The process, in this study, is performed by homogenizing and mixing MNPs, wollastonite, and bioglass, after high-energy ball mill, pressing at 150–200 MPa, and kept at 900 °C, which eventually produced scaffolds with 20–40% porosity. Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mechanical testing including compressive strength are investigated. The size of the powder and scaffold crystals size are measured between 30 and 50 nm, and the pores are measured between 70 and 180 μm. The results show that the best mechanical properties of the specimen belong to the sample containing 15 wt%, with 7.9 ± 0.5 MPa and 203.3 ± 5 MPa of compressive strength and elastic modulus, respectively. Besides, the biological evaluation confirms that the sample with 10 wt% MNPs presents a better apatite formation on porous scaffolds, after 28 days in SBF solution. The obtained results indicate that the samples with 10 and 15 wt% MNPs illustrate proper mechanical and biological responses for bone tissue application. The samples having sodium chloride space agent present an open porous architecture in comparison with the sample containing sodium bicarbonate space agent. Moreover, in this study, the global criterion method (GCM) has been used to find the best combination of nanocomposite scaffold having the optimal mechanical and biological properties. The total porosity of the fabricated scaffold is similar to real bone architecture and can be a useful option for cancer therapy and insert in the bone sarcoma tumor.