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Abstract
Space borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data have become one of the primary sources for aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation of forests. However, studies have indicated that limitations occur when a single sensor system is employed, especially in tropical forests. Hence, there is potential for improving estimates if two or more different sensor systems are used. Studies on integrating multiple sensor systems for estimation of AGB over Malaysia’s tropical forests are scarce. This study investigated the use of PALSAR-2 L-band and Sentinel-1A C-band SAR polarizations to estimates the AGB over 5.25 million ha of the lowland, hill, and upper hill forests in Peninsular Malaysia. Polarized images, i.e., HH–HV from PALSAR-2 and VV–VH from Sentinel-1A have been utilized to produce several variables for predictions of the AGB. Simple linear and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify the best predictor. The study concluded that although limitations exist in the estimates, the combination of all polarizations from both PALSAR-2 and Sentiel-1A SAR data able to increase the accuracy and reduced the root means square error (RMSE) up to 14 Mg ha−1 compared to the estimation resulted from single polarization. A spatially distributed map of AGB reported the total AGB within the study area was about 1.82 trillion Mg of the year 2016.
Highlights
Aboveground biomass (AGB) includes all vegetation above the ground and approximately 50% of its composition is carbon [1].AGB usually measures in metric tons of dry matter per hectare (e.g., t ha−1 or Mg ha−1 ) or in metric tons of carbon per hectare (e.g., t C ha−1 or Mg C ha−1 )
Further strong impetus to improve methods for measuring global biomass comes from the reduction of emissions due to deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) mechanism, which was introduced in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Committee of the Parties (COP-13) Bali
The study area comprised lowland, hill, and upper hill dipterocarp forests, which are categorized based on land altitude, i.e.,
Summary
Aboveground biomass (AGB) includes all vegetation above the ground (i.e., stems, branches, bark, seeds, flowers, and foliage of live plants) and approximately 50% of its composition is carbon [1].AGB usually measures in metric tons of dry matter per hectare (e.g., t ha−1 or Mg ha−1 ) or in metric tons of carbon per hectare (e.g., t C ha−1 or Mg C ha−1 ). Accurate information on biomass stock in world forests is necessary to reduce uncertainties and to fill the knowledge gaps of the climate system [2]. Further strong impetus to improve methods for measuring global biomass comes from the reduction of emissions due to deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) mechanism, which was introduced in the UNFCCC Committee of the Parties (COP-13) Bali. REDD which is popular with REDD+ (with additional elements of carbon stock enhancement and biodiversity conservation) is dedicated to the developing countries around the world including Malaysia. Its implementation relies fundamentally on systems to assess available carbon stock and monitor changes due to loss of biomass from deforestation and forest degradation [3], which are amalgamated in a system called monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV)
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