Abstract

ABSTRACT : This study presents the data of tradition on synecdoches. The genus has greatly varied in extension from one author to the other : it appears as a nebula of figures, the number of which, lending to increase with time, fluctuates around a stable focus mainly made up of the synecdoches of the part and the whole, and, to a lesser extent, of the genus, the species and the number. On the other hand, as regards the choice of examples, rhetoricians show great constancy in the way they follow their predecessors. The Ancients, whose epistemology most probably did not require much rigour in the matter, only made rare and hazy endeavours to reach a global definition. Generic definitions which have been put forward in modern times follow from variable taxonomic principles which admit synecdoche in a minimal system of four then three tropes, before evicting it in favour of the metaphor/metonymy pair.

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