Abstract

Introduction: The development of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has provided advances in cardiovascular surgery techniques. Considering its mechanism of action, as a non-endothelial surface, mechanical hemolysis is expected, but a complete investigation of the condition is essential to rule out other differential diagnoses. Case Report: A 34-year-old female patient underwent mitral valve replacement surgery with a biological prosthesis implant and evolved in the postoperative period with microangiopathic hemolysis associated with renal injury, favoring the diagnostic hypothesis of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS). Discussion: Although mechanical hemolysis is expected in the evolution of patients undergoing CPB, the correct investigation and microscopic review of cases is essential, avoiding underdiagnosis of serious etiologies, such as thrombotic microangiopathies. This report highlights the importance of a careful investigation and microscopic correlation in hemolytic anemias due to their diverse etiologies. Key Words: Cardiovascular Surgery; Extracorporeal Circulation; Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia; Intravascular Hemolysis; Mechanical Hemolysis.

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