Abstract
Syndecans are a four member multifunctional family of cell surface molecules with diverse biological roles. Syndecan-3 (SDC3) is the largest of these, but in comparison to the other family members relatively little is known about this molecule. SDC3 null mice grow and develop normally, all be it with subtle anatomical phenotypes in the brain. Roles for this molecule in both neuronal and brain tissue have been identified, and is associated with altered satiety responses. Recent studies suggest that SDC3 expression is not restricted to neuronal tissues and has important roles in inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, disease associated processes such as angiogenesis and in the facilitation of infection of dendritic cells by HIV. The purpose of this review article is to explore these new biological insights into SDC3 functions in inflammatory disease.
Highlights
The proteoglycans are a diverse family of molecules with multiple roles in development, health and disease [1]
We have explored the diverse roles that the Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans (HSPGs), SDC3, plays in a range of disease and developmental contexts
Many phenotypes have been described, there is still a great deal to learn about how SDC3 is functioning in these scenarios
Summary
The proteoglycans are a diverse family of molecules with multiple roles in development, health and disease [1]. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans (HSPGs) form a subset of these, and these can be secreted extracellular matrix molecules or membrane associated [1]. The principal families of membrane associated HSPGs are the glypicans and syndecans. Syndecans (SDC) are a four member family of type 1 transmembrane proteins consisting of two related sub-families based on sequence homology. All syndecans have a short highly conserved cytoplasmic domain, a single transmembrane domain, and a larger extracellular core protein. Syndecan ectodomains are far less conserved between family members or species. They do possess Ser-Gly GAG attachment motifs usually surrounded by acidic amino acid residues. Of the four family members, perhaps the least well-understood is Syndecan-3 (SDC3). This review aims to explore this work and provide novel insight into the biology of SDC3
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