SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCES, STATUS AND NEW PROJECTS

Abstract

The first synchrotron radiation was used in a so-called parasitic mode from high energy machine. At the end of the 1970s and at the beginning of the 1980s accelerators dedicated to the production of synchrotron light (second generation sources) were built (SRS in Daresbury, NSLS in Brookhaven, and BESSY in Berlin). With the investigation of wigglers and undulators the design and construction of the so-called third generation sources (high- brilliance light sources) started (ESRF in Grenoble, ALS in Berkeley, and ELETTRA in Trieste). At present there exist roughly 50 synchrotron light sources around the world. All machines have reached their target specifications (emittance, current, life time, stability, etc) without any problems and in a short time. From the energy point of view the synchrotron light sources are divided in three categories: low- ( 3.5 GeV). The most attractive light sources are the brilliant ones, which have a lot of space available for the installation of insertion devices. This report will concentrate on the high- brilliance intermediate- and high-energy light sources. It will be reported upon the machines which are in operation and in the commissioning, construction or design phase. It will also describe new projects, which are in the design phase, and ideas about how to upgrade already existing light sources. The next or 4 th generation light sources are divided in 3 categories: the traditional light sources (LS), the energy-recovery linacs (ERL) and the free electron laser projects (FEL). The last two categories will not be considered within this review.