Abstract
Electric vehicle (EV) fast charging capabilities, and availability of fast charge infrastructure, are perhaps the greatest remaining obstacles in the future widespread use of EVs. Solving fast charging paradigms and issues will enhance driver and electric utility acceptance of EVs. Potential impact to the grid is one of the perceived issues. The technologies to transform EV fast chargers, a grid load, into a valuable grid asset, exist in the form of components and a system approach that includes: Synchrophasors Active Transformers Grid-Level Energy Storage Demand Response and Time of Use pricing Many of these technologies and strategies are in place or in the advanced stages of development. This would allow this system approach to become commercial as the widespread adoption of EVs unfolds.
Highlights
AeroVironment, Inc. developed the Impact prototype electric vehicle (EV) for General Motors in 1989
This paper focuses on the degree of fast charging grid impacts, grid compensation techniques in the form of grid-level energy storage acting as distributed generation; emerging communication and control technology with the advent of the Smart Grid movement; and active transformers in the context of a system approach
Because synchrophasors are measured at discrete points in time and space, they can be correlated and synchronized against grid activity
Summary
AeroVironment, Inc. developed the Impact prototype electric vehicle (EV) for General Motors in 1989. Electric utilities worry whether neighborhood transformers, whose normal duty cycle allows them cool down overnight, will hold up to overnight EV charging They worry that power spikes from EV fast charging could negatively impact grid stability and capacity, especially during peak grid usage. Power converters, for medium voltage (13kV) use fast switching transistors and high frequency transformers that can provide a unity power factor. Applications for this type of power converter include: Unidirectional power flow from the grid to 240/480V 3-phase commercial/industrial equipment. Bi-directional power flow between the grid and electric vehicle charging equipment
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