Abstract
The increase in the penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) has reduced the effective inertia of the power system dominated by synchronous machines. The reduction in inertia has paved the way to the development of inertia emulation techniques, which complements the increased penetration of RES. The synchronverter technology is one among the virtual inertia emulation techniques which resembles close to the synchronous machine. The advancements in control and adaptations of synchronverter for various applications demand a comprehensive yet critical review. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to present a critical review of synchronverter technology which could increase the inertial response of RES. A critical analysis of modifications made to original synchronverter and the stability assessment techniques is presented. The effect of parameter variation on stability and dynamic performance is brought out as a decision matrix by analysing the movement of eigenvalues presented in various works. Towards the end, a synoptic overview is presented to depict the research trend and emphasize the domain which requires further attention. Furthermore, a brief discussion of the research gaps perceived during the phase of review is presented to leverage future research in the field.
Highlights
The thrust towards reducing carbon emission with the sustainable energy generation has increased the penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the power system
The synchronverter based virtual inertia emulation technique is by far the closest resemblance of a synchronous machine
A critical analysis of the control and stability of synchronverter is necessary to catalyse and aid the transition towards a modern power system deprived of inertia
Summary
The thrust towards reducing carbon emission with the sustainable energy generation has increased the penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the power system. The synchronverter includes all the critical properties of SM like rotor inertia, oscillation damping and self-synchronization, which hold the stability of large power systems. It exhibits undesired characteristics like hunting, loss of excitation, loss of synchronism which are prevalent in SM. The current-controlled converters used for RES integration is perceived as a static-source with zero inertial contribution from the grid side. It gives rise to new ancillary services which can be traded (see Fig. 2) Due to these advantages, the synchronverter has received keen attention from the researchers around the globe for grid integration of RES and operation of autonomous microgrids.
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