Synchronus Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in A Female: A Rare Case Report

Abstract

Worldwide, the number of new cases of lip and oral cavity cancer in both sexes, all age groups in 2020 are around 377713 and the number of deaths in both sexes, all age groups are around 177757. In India, lip and oral cavity cancer ranks at 2nd position with incidence around 10.3%, mortality 8.8% and 5- year prevalence around21.77%. Multiple theories have been put forth describing the multifocal origin of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral and aerodigestive tract. “Field Cancerization “is the first theory described in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) which explains the multifocal or synchronous origin of the SCC. Synchronous carcinomas are defined as second neoplasms at the same time or within 6 months period of primary lesions. After that, they are described as metachronous neoplasms. The criteria to describe synchronous tumours were elaborated by Warren and Gates and Moertel et al. “Field Cancerization “theory was explained by widespread epithelial exposure to carcinogens; however, the alternative theory of common clonal origin is now supported by the recent molecular studies. Second Primary Tumours (Synchronous or Metachronous) are usually more aggressive, more resistant, metastasizes early and they require a more aggressive treatment strategy. Hence, their early detection is the crucial step in planning the best possible management. We are reporting an unusual case of synchronous oral squamous cell carcinoma in 58-year-old female who underwent surgery followed by adjuvant treatment after diagnosis.