Abstract
The rules for the ‘‘game of Life’’ are modified to allow for only a random fraction of sites to be updated in each time step. Under variation of this fraction from the parallel updating limit down to the Poisson limit, a critical phase transition is observed that explains why the game of Life appears to obey self-organized criticality. The critical exponents are calculated and the static exponents appear to belong to the directed percolation universality class in 211 dimensions. The dynamic exponents, however, are nonuniversal, as seen in other systems with multiple absorbing states. @S1063-651X~99!13903-5#
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