Synchronized Microbubble Photodynamic Activation to Disinfect Minimally Prepared Root Canals

Abstract

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of a novel irrigation strategy using synchronized microbubble photodynamic activation (SYMPA) in a minimally prepared single canal. MethodsSingle-canal mandibular incisors were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis for 3 weeks and randomly allocated to 4 groups based on the irrigation protocols: (1) control (saline), (2) conventional needle irrigation (CI), (3) ultrasonic-assisted irrigation (UI), and (4) irrigation with SYMPA. The first 3 groups were instrumented to size 25.07v (WaveOne Gold Primary; Dentsply Sirona, Johnson City, TN), and the SYMPA group was minimally prepared to size 20.07v (WaveOne Gold Small, Dentsply Sirona). The apical 5 mm was resected for microbiological assessment using the culture technique (colony-forming unit), adenosine-5′-triphosphate–based viability assay (relative luminescence units), and the percentage of live bacteria using confocal laser scanning microscopy. ResultsLog colony-forming units from the UI (2.37 ± 0.66) and SYMPA (2.21 ± 0.86) groups showed a reduction compared with the control (5.16 ± 0.75) and CI (4.08 ± 1.19) groups. Relative luminescence unit reduction was significant for UI (619.08 ± 352.78) and SYMPA (415.25 ± 329.51) compared with the control (1213.2 ± 880.03) (P < .05). The percentage of live bacteria was significantly lower in the UI and SYMPA groups compared with the control and CI groups. Although higher microbial reduction was observed in SYMPA compared with UI, there was no statistical significance (P > .05). ConclusionSYMPA in minimally prepared canals showed significant antimicrobial efficacy. The novel irrigation strategy using SYMPA could be an effective disinfection strategy for minimally prepared root canals.