Synchronized Lithium and Lithium-Ion Battery Enabled to in-Situ Replenishment for Enhancing Battery Life

Abstract

In-situ replenishment of formation cycle lithium-ion loss is considered for the development of longer-lasting rechargeable batteries that uses lithium-electrode, which acts as a reservoir and booster-electrode to mitigate the formation cycle capacity loss in mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) anode vs LiFePO4 cathode and C-Si anode vs LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode in standard electrolyte. For the synchronized lithium and lithium-ion battery (SLLIB) – full-cell specific charge- discharge capacities were 146/ 144 mAh g–1 for MCMB vs LiFePO4 and 187/ 171 mAh g–1 for C-Si vs LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 configurations at 0.2 C rate. The irreversible capacity loss compensation from the reservoir-electrode, offered to a renewed voltage profiles and recovered electrodes specific capacities by reservoir replenishment and replenished cycling. The energy reduced cell due to SEI formation of MCMB and C-Si anodes was replenished and achieved increased energy density of 455 Wh kg–1 with retained flat-voltage profile for SLLIB – MCMB vs LiFePO4 and 576 Wh kg–1 for SLLIB – C-Si vs LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 through Li+ ion in-situ reservoir replenishment from the reservoir-electrode to MCMB/ C-Si anode. Furthermore, reservoir reserve mode cycling of SLLIB configurations were delivered the charge-discharge capacities of 126/ 124 mAh g–1 for SLLIB – Li vs LiFePO4 and 137/ 136 mAh g–1 for SLLIB – Li vs LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 at 0.2 C, associated with the Li+ ion transportation between reservoir-electrode and LiFePO4/ LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode, confirmed by Li+ ion diffusion path through MCMB and C-Si electrodes, using EIS analysis. Ultimately, the in-situ reservoir replenishment, replenished cycling and reserve mode cycling processes of synchronized lithium and lithium-ion battery leads to enhanced battery life. Figure 1